確認票據(jù)民間貼現(xiàn)無效的構(gòu)成要件

摘要：《九民紀要》明確民間貼現(xiàn)無效，票據(jù)及貼現(xiàn)款應(yīng)相互返還，但申請確認民間貼現(xiàn)無效需適格主體提出并符合確認民間貼現(xiàn)無效構(gòu)成要件。適格主體不應(yīng)突破票據(jù)文意性，應(yīng)為票據(jù)記載的背書人。確認民間貼現(xiàn)無效的要件要求票據(jù)客觀能夠返還為前提，并且原因關(guān)系僅為民間貼現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：貼現(xiàn)無效；返還條件；民間貼現(xiàn)

中圖分類號：D922.287文獻標識碼：A文章編號：2095-6916（2024）03-0071-04

Rules on the Invalidity Affirming of Negotiable Instruments Discount in Private Market

Zhu Qian1Zhang Xiuquan2

（1. School of Economics; 2. School of Law， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444）

Abstract： The Ninth Minutes of the National Courts’ Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference stipulates that negotiable instruments discount in private market is invalid， and the negotiable instruments and discounted funds shall returned to each other. However， the application for invalidity affirming of negotiable instruments discount in private market requires the qualified subject to propose and meet the constitutive requirements. The eligible subject should not break through the literal meaning of the negotiable instruments ， but should be the endorser recorded in the negotiable instruments. The prerequisite for invalidity affirming of negotiable instruments discount in private market is that negotiable instruments can be objectively returned， and the underlying connect is only related to negotiable instruments discount in private market.

Keywords： negotiable instruments discount invalid; return conditions; negotiable instruments discount in private market

按照票據(jù)背書轉(zhuǎn)讓的無因性原則，如果票據(jù)未到期或承兌人預(yù)期違約，持票人要求前手“退票”并無法律依據(jù)，但《全國法院民商事審判工作會議紀要》（以下簡稱《九民紀要》）規(guī)定的“民間貼現(xiàn)無效”改變了這個規(guī)則。（剩余5790字）