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老年人跌倒恐懼危險因素的Meta分析

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Abstract Objective：To analyze the risk factors of fear of falling （FOF） in the elderly and provide a reference for early recognition and prevention of FOF in the elderly.Methods：Cross-sectional studies，cohort studies，and case-control studies on the risk factors for FOF in the elderly were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），China Biomedical Literature Database，WanFang Database，VIP Database，EMbase，PubMed，OVID，Web of Science，and the Cochrane Library from the establishment of databases to November 6，2022. Literature that met the criteria was screened，and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results： A total of 28 pieces of literature were included，including 3 Chinese articles，25 English articles，7 cohort studies，and 21 cross-sectional studies. Risk factors affecting FOF in the elderly include general factors：female（OR=2.21，95%CI 1.91-2.56）;age ≥ 75 years old （OR=1.59，95%CI 1.39-1.83）;low education level （OR=1.29，95%CI 1.19-1.40）;psychological factors：depression（OR=1.58，95%CI 1.35-1.86）;activity factors：using walking aids（OR=2.20，95%CI 1.75-2.77），instrumental activities of daily living （IADL）（OR=1.44，95%CI 1.08-1.90），activities of daily living （ADL） （OR=1.15，95%CI 1.11-1.20），poor balance（OR=2.17，95%CI 1.46-3.23），history of falls （OR=2.25，95%CI 2.00-2.52）;injury after a fall （OR=1.47，95%CI 1.31-1.66），and lack of exercise （OR=1.86，95%CI 1.38-2.51）;health factors：perceived poor health（OR=1.81，95%CI 1.67-1.96），cognitive impairment （OR=1.36，95%CI 1.09-1.70），visual impairment（OR=1.46，95%CI 1.22-1.76），two or more chronic diseases （OR=2.07，95%CI 1.99-2.15），diabetes （OR=1.29，95%CI 1.15-1.44），memory impairment （OR=1.43，95%CI 1.09-1.88）.Conclusions：Existing evidence showed that women，aged≥ 75 years，with low education level，depression，use of walking aids，IADL，ADL，poor balance，history of falls，poor perceived health status，cognitive impairment，visual impairment，and combination of two or more chronic diseases are risk factors for FOF in the elderly. The included literature is less on diabetes，memory impairment，injury after a fall，and lack of exercise，which needs further confirmation.

Keywords elderly;fear of falling;risk factors;meta-analysis;evidence-based nursing

摘要 目的：分析老年人跌倒恐懼的危險因素，為老年人跌倒恐懼的早期識別和預防提供參考依據(jù)。（剩余12226字）

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