儒家有意志自由嗎？

——以康德為參照

Does Confucianism advocate free will？

WU Xian.wu

The question of whether Confucianism advocates free will is a contentious issue. Some deny that Confucianism supports free will by using Kant as a benchmark， while others believe it does. Free will comes in various forms： there’s the metaphysical sense upheld by Kant， and the psychological sense he opposed. Starting from reality， Confucianism’s concept of free will aligns more with the psychological sense—people are constrained by reality but remain highly free. The refutation of Confucianism’s support for free will， citing its belief in inherent goodness， does not hold up. While the belief somewhat guides people toward benevolence， it does not strip away their freedom of choice. Because of this inherent goodness， morality shapes one’s essential nature. This is why it is crucial to become moral individuals by shouldering moral responsibilities. Free will comes after moral responsibility and is constrained by it.

［摘  要］ 儒家是否具有意志自由是一個聚訟紛紜的議題：有人以康德為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，否認(rèn)儒家具有意志自由；有人則認(rèn)為儒家具有意志自由。（剩余17124字）