技術官僚與法國礦冶業(yè)生態(tài)安全治理制度的初創(chuàng)

Technocrats and the Establishment of Ecological Safety Management System of Mining and Metallurgy Industry in France

☉Xiao Xiaodan

In the early 19th century， as France entered the initial stages of industrialization， there was a sharp increase in demand for mineral resources， and mining， ore processing and smelting activities brought serious ecological environment and security threats to the surrounding areas. The“Mining Law” promulgated by the First French Empire in 1810 formally confirmed the state's ownership of mineral resources and the way of granting development concessions， which laid the foundation for the state to regulate mining and metallurgy activities. The subsequent “Organic Law of the Imperial Mining Engineers” marked the birth of the technocratic group， the Corps impérial des mines. As the mining administration authority and the highest technical authority in mining and metallurgy， the General Council of Mining （CGM） of the Corps impérial des mines plays an increasingly important role in environmental risk assessment， consideration of mining and smelting applications， and formulation， implementation and supervision of safety and health operating regulations. While giving priority to industrial needs， the General Council of Mines also takes into account the public interest， resulting in cooperation and disagreement with other administrative departments （provincial governments， forestry agencies， the General Council of Roads and Bridges）.

[摘 要]19世紀初，隨著法國步入工業(yè)化的初期階段，對礦產(chǎn)資源的需求急劇增長。（剩余24996字）