論雇傭救助費用和船舶優(yōu)先權、共同海損之間的關系

摘要：雇傭救助是指救助雙方約定，不論救助是否有效果，被救助方均需按約定的費率或金額支付固定救助費用的行為。雇傭救助費用和公約救助報酬在法律性質(zhì)、計酬原則和支付條件上存在根本的差別。雇傭救助請求權不宜享有船舶優(yōu)先權，但可享有一般法下的留置權，在符合共同海損構成要件時，可以列入共損費用進行分攤。

關鍵詞：雇傭救助；“無效果，無報酬”；船舶優(yōu)先權；共同海損

中圖分類號：D922.294  文獻標志碼：A

文章編號：2096-028X（2023）01-0003-11

On the Relationship Among Employment Salvage Payment，Maritime Lien and General Average

SI Yuzhuo， WU Xu

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026，China）

Abstract：Employment salvage refers to the act rendered under a contract to pay a given sum for the services or for per diem or per horam wage， payable at all events， regardless whether the work is successful or not. There are fundamental differences in the legal nature， the principles of remuneration and the conditions of payment between employment salvage payment and salvage remuneration under the Convention. The claim for employment salvage shall not have a maritime lien， but may have a lien under the general law. If it meets the constitutive requirements of general average， it shall be allowed in general average and contributed by the beneficiaries.

Key words：employment salvage；“No cure， No pay”；maritime lien；general average

《1989年國際救助公約》（簡稱《1989年救助公約》）第6條“救助合同”第1款規(guī)定：“除合同另有明示或默示的規(guī)定外，本公約適用于任何救助作業(yè)。（剩余22909字）